Opioid analgesics are a class of medications that are commonly prescribed to treat pain. They work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to block pain signals and provide relief. Opioid analgesics can range from over-the-counter medications like codeine to more potent prescription drugs like morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl. While these medications are highly effective in managing pain, they also come with a risk of dependence, addiction, and overdose. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms of action of opioid analgesics, developing new and improved formulations, and exploring alternative treatments for pain management.